Clear And Unbiased Facts About CONTROL SYSTEMS (Without All the Hype)

Akshaya Sai Chandar
2 min readMay 3, 2021

A control system comprises usually of 2 variables:
1)Controlled Variable
2)Manipulated Variable

The manipulated variable is a variable whose value is changed and the control variable value changes as well. The controlled variable is the output of a system.

We have 2 types of control system:
1)Open-loop control system
2)Closed-loop control system

An open-loop control system is basically when the feedback or a part of the output is not fed into the input.
Whereas in a closed-loop system feedback is given or a part of the output is fed into the input.
There are various advantages and disadvantages of both but primarily the accuracy of the closed-loop system is higher than the open-loop system cause an error signal is generated which showcases the differences between the actual output and the referenced input and the corrections are made internally.

A system is the group of components that perform a required objective. Now the main components of a system are:
1)Input signal
2)Controller
3)Output signal

There are different types of controllers as well:
1)Proportional Controller
2)Integral Controller
3)PID controllers etc

The important parameter of a control system is the transfer function which is the ratio of the output signal to the input signal.

A control system may be represented in the form of:
1)Block Diagrams
2)Signal graph diagrams
The primary reason for the emergence of the signal graph diagrams is that with the help of it the strenuous task of block diagram reduction could be overcome.

When we consider the block diagram we consider 2 aspects primarily:
1) Summation point
2) Take-off point
The summation point is the point wherein the signals join in whereas the Take-off point is the point where the signals diverge.

Control systems are present in our daily lives and all around us
For eg: A toaster, photosynthesis, etc,

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